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Convolutional neural networks

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in AI are a type of neural network architecture designed for processing structured grid-like data, such as images. CNNs are particularly effective in computer vision tasks, where the input data has a grid-like topology, such as pixel values in an image.

The key features of CNNs include:

1. Convolutional Layers
These layers apply a set of filters (also known as kernels) to the input data to extract features. Each filter slides across the input data, performing element-wise multiplication and summation to produce a feature map that highlights specific patterns or features.

2. Pooling Layers
 Pooling layers reduce the spatial dimensions of the feature maps by aggregating information from neighboring pixels. This helps reduce the computational complexity of the network and makes the learned features more invariant to small variations in the input.

3. Activation Functions
 Activation functions introduce non-linearity into the network, allowing it to learn complex patterns and relationships in the data. Common activation functions used in CNNs include ReLU (Rectified Linear Unit) and sigmoid.

4. Fully Connected Layers
 Fully connected layers are used at the end of the network to map the extracted features to the output classes. These layers combine the features learned by the convolutional layers to make predictions.

CNNs have been highly successful in a variety of computer vision tasks, including image classification, object detection, and image segmentation. Their ability to automatically learn hierarchical features from raw pixel data has led to significant improvements in the performance of computer vision systems.

In recent years, CNNs have also been applied to other domains, such as natural language processing and speech recognition, where the input data has a grid-like structure that can be processed using convolutional operations. Overall, CNNs are a powerful tool for processing structured grid-like data and have become a foundational component of many AI systems.

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